The challenge
When creating a new product, one usually has a lot of ideas about what functionalities a product could have. Unfortunately, it is impossible to implement everything for two simple reasons. Firstly, work on new functionalities costs a lot, and secondly, takes a lot of time. At Pragmatic Coders, our goal is to help customers go live with their products as soon as possible.
The solution
The cost of Delay helps to analyze and prioritize requirements. We could assess the impact of introducing, resigning, or postponing product features, on the client’s business.
The key aspect of this methodology is to maximize the increase in product value over time by minimizing the cost of delay caused by work on individual functionalities.
An additional benefit of using this method is overcome of the cognitive bias – the tendency to prefer avoiding losses over gaining profits, described by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman in The Prospect theory.
Calculating Cost of Delay
To illustrate how to work in accordance with this methodology, we consider several different approaches to prioritizing tasks. Let’s assume that we have to implement four functionalities, which are described in the table below:
| Feature | Development time | Estimated weekly profit* |
|---|---|---|
| F1 | 2 weeks | $ 3 000 |
| F2 | 1 week | $ 4 000 |
| F3 | 5 weeks | $ 17 000 |
| F4 | 4 weeks | $ 12 000 |
| Total | 12 weeks | $ 36 000 |
*Estimated weekly profit – this is a parameter describing the increase in business value after the introduction of functionality. It may be a longer interaction with the product, which causes the user to display more ads, optimization of the user registration process, which gives a drop in the percentage of abandoned registrations, etc. It is crucial that the given functionality is assessed in terms of revenue growth.
Our goal is to minimize the Cost of Delay, i.e. the total cost of lost benefits when entering functionalities into production. Let’s try to estimate what options we have when it comes to task prioritization and calculate what the Cost of Delay will be. Let’s consider 4 situations:
- No prioritization – common scenario, everything is important, so we do everything at once.
- Speed priority – the fastest tasks at the beginning.
- Value priority – tasks that bring the greatest business value to the beginning.
- Value increment priority – tasks that bring the highest value increase at the beginning.
Let’s count the Cost of Delay for each prioritization technique.
No prioritization
We do everything at once, i.e. in 12 weeks, we will provide all functionalities.
Cost of Delay = (12 weeks * $ 36 000)/week = $ 432000
Speed priority
Implementation order: F2, F1, F4, F3
Waiting time:
- F2: 1 week
- F1: 3 weeks (1 week due to F2 implementation and 2 weeks to complete F1)
- F4: 7 weeks
- F3: 12 weeks.
Cost of Delay = (1 week * $ 4000 + 3 weeks * $ 3000 + 7 weeks * $ 12 000 + 12 weeks * $ 17 000)/week = $ 301000
Value priority
Implementation order: F3, F4, F2, F1
Waiting time:
- F3: 5 weeks
- F4: 9 weeks
- F2: 10 weeks
- F1: 12 weeks.
Cost of Delay = (5 weeks * $ 17 000 + 9 weeks * $ 12 000 + 10 weeks * $ 4000 + 12 weeks * $ 3000)/week = $ 269000
Value increment priority
Before we could determine the implementation order, let us determine the increase in business value per unit of time. We could do that by dividing the estimated weekly profit with development time.
| Feature | Development time | Estimated weekly profit* | Increase in business value per unit of time |
|---|---|---|---|
| F1 | 2 weeks | $ 3 000 | 1500 $/week |
| F2 | 1 week | $ 4 000 | 4000 $/week |
| F3 | 5 weeks | $ 17 000 | 3400 $/week |
| F4 | 4 weeks | $ 12 000 | 3000 $/week |
| Total | 12 weeks | $ 36 000 |
Implementation order: F2, F3, F4, F1
Waiting time:
- F2: 1 week
- F3: 6 weeks
- F4: 10 weeks
- F1: 12 weeks.
Cost of Delay = (1 week * $ 4000 + 6 weeks * $ 17 000 + 10 weeks * $ 12 000 + 12 weeks * $ 3000)/week = $ 262000
Comparison of prioritization methods
| Prioritization method | Cost of Delay |
|---|---|
| No prioritization | $ 432 000 |
| Speed priority | $ 301 000 |
| Value priority | $ 269 000 |
| Value increment priority | $ 262 000 |
We could clearly see that the “Value increment priority” method minimizes the cost of delay. Additionally one could see how destructive the complete lack of prioritization is.
Summary
At Pragmatic Coders we want our customers to succeed. One of the fundamental indicators of success is the return on investment (ROI). We can maximize ROI for our customers in two ways: helping them to increase revenue or reduce costs. Cost of Delay optimization ideally fits into the latter element, however, in a way that does not affect the quality of the delivered product.
